Discrete Trial Teaching (DTT)

Discrete Trial Teaching (DTT)

Discrete trial teaching (DTT) is a fundamental component of Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) therapy. Designed to mimic the three-term contingency, DTT consists of an antecedent, behavior, and consequence. Unlike learning in the natural environment, discrete trials are structured, quick opportunities arranged by the therapist to encourage the client to emit a target behavior.

DTT is particularly useful for teaching new skills and correcting incorrectly emitted behaviors. Lafasakis and Sturmey (2007) acknowledge that limited research is available on DTT implementation by parents. This highlights the importance of Registered Behavior Technicians (RBTs) implementing it correctly. To do so, adequate support and supervision from a Board-Certified Behavior Analyst (BCBA) is essential.

Using DTT for Discrimination Training

DTT is an effective method for discrimination training, which teaches a client to distinguish one stimulus from another. For example, a client may learn to say “happy” when they see a laughing baby and “sad” when they see a crying baby.

Discrimination training typically begins with mass trials (repeating the same demand consecutively). Once a behavior is consistently demonstrated during mass trials, the next step is random rotation, where different demands are presented in a random order to ensure true discrimination.

Components of a Discrete Trial

Each discrete trial follows a structured sequence:

1️⃣ Antecedent (SD – Discriminative Stimulus):

  • This is a specific instruction, cue, or event that signals to the client that performing a target behavior will result in reinforcement.
  • The SD could be a verbal instruction, a timer, or a direction given by the therapist.

2️⃣ Behavior (Targeted Response):

  • The client’s response to the SD, which could be correct, incorrect, or a non-response.

3️⃣ Consequence (Reinforcement or Error Correction):

  • If the response is correct: The client receives reinforcement, which may be either:
    ✔ A direct reinforcer related to the behavior (e.g., receiving a toy after appropriately requesting it).
    ✔ A generalized reinforcer (e.g., earning tokens that can be exchanged for preferred items later).
  • If the response is incorrect: The therapist provides error correction, guiding the client toward the correct response.

Maintaining Engagement in DTT

Discrete trials are structured yet engaging. One effective strategy to maintain attention and participation is behavioral momentum—a technique that involves starting with easier tasks before gradually increasing the difficulty.

🚀 How to Build Behavioral Momentum in DTT:

  • Begin with a simple task that the client can complete successfully to build confidence.
  • Gradually increase the complexity of demands as the client progresses.
  • Avoid starting with highly demanding tasks that may lead to frustration or disengagement.

This gradual progression keeps clients motivated and enhances learning outcomes.

Suggested Materials for DTT

Below are some recommended resources and materials for implementing DTT effectively:

📚 Flashcards

🖥 Boom Cards (Interactive Learning Resources)

✍️ Fine Motor & Writing Practice

References

Lafasakis, M., & Sturmey, P. (2007). Training Parent Implementation of Discrete-Trial Teaching: Effects on Generalization of Parent Teaching and Child Correct Responding. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 40(4), 685-9.

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